Grade 12 - Comp. / Annales sequences 10 exercises (100% corrected)

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1. Threshold E.7207 On 1 er September 2015 , a school complex has 3 000 students. An internal statistical study showed that every September 1 er : 10 % of the student body leaves the school; 250 new students enroll. We seek to model this situation using a sequence u n where, for any natural number n , u n represents the number of stu-dents on September 1 er of year 2015+ n . 1 Justify that we can model the situation with the sequence u n such that u 0 =3 000 and, for any natural number n : u n +1 =0.9 · u n +250 . 2 For any natural number n , we set : v n = u n 2 500 . a Demonstrate that the sequence v n is geometric with ratio 0.9 . Specify v 0 . b Express, for any natural number n , v n as a function of n . Deduce that for any natural number n : u n =500 × 0.9 n +2 500 3 Prove that for any natural number n : u n +1 u n = 50 × 0.9 n . Deduce the direction of variation of the sequence u n . 4 The optimal capacity is 2 800 students. Thus, on Septem-ber 1 er 2015 , the school complex has an excess of 200 students. Write an algorithm to determine the year in which, as-suming the context remains the same, the school complex will no longer have an excess of students. E.6973 Let the sequence u n be defined by: u 0 = 150 and for any natural number n , u n +1 = 0.8 · u n + 45 . 1 Calculate u 1 and u 2 . 2 Here are two proposed algorithms : Algorithm 1 u 150 n 0 While u 220 u 0.8 × u + 45 n n+1 End While Algorithm 2 u 150 n 0 While u<220 u 0.8 × u + 45 n n+1 End As long as We are interested in the value of the variable n at the end of the algorithm’s execution. a Only one of these algorithms allows, at the end of exe-cution, the variable n to be assigned the smallest nat-ural number n such that u n 220 . Specify which one, explaining why the other algorithm does not allow this. b What is the numerical value of the variable n at the end of the algorithm? 3 Consider the sequence v n defined for all natural num-bers n by: v n = u n 225 a Show that v n is a geometric sequence and specify its first term and common ratio b Deduce that for any natural number n : u n = 225 75 × 0.8 n 4 Every year, a small provincial town organizes a footrace through the streets of its center. In 2015 , the number of participants in this race was 150 . We assume that from one year to the next : 20 % participants do not return the following year; 45 new participants register for the race. The narrow streets of the historic city center force orga-nizers to limit the number of participants to 250 . Will they have to refuse registrations in the coming years? Justify your answer. 2. Limits E.6976 A large university, experienc-ing rapid growth in enrollment, welcomed 27 500 students in September 2016 . The university president is concerned because he knows that, despite optimal management of the premises and distribution of students across the university’s various sites, he will not be able to accommodate more than 33 000 students. A statistical study allows him to develop a forecast model according to which, each year: 150 students drop out during the academic year (between September 1 er and June 30 ) ; the number of students enrolled at the start of the aca-demic year in September increases by 4 % compared to the previous month of June. For any natural number n , we note u n the estimated num- ber of students according to this model at the start of the academic year in September 2016+ n , so we have u 0 =27 500 . 1 a Estimate the number of students in June 2017 . b Estimate the number of students at the start of the school year in September 2017 . 2 Justify that, for any natural number n , we have : u n +1 = 1.04 · u n 156 3 Copy and complete the lines .3 , .4 , .5 et . 7 of the following algorithm so that at the end of its execu-tion, the variable n has the value of the year from which the number of students to be admitted will exceed the maximum capacity of the institution .1 n 0 .2 u 27 500 https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7207 sacados/7207 Asie Juin 2016 chapExoCorrec/6973 sacados/6973 chapExoCorrec/6976 sacados/6976
.3 As long as u ... .4 n ... .5 u ... .6 End As long as .7 n 2017+... 4 a We run this algorithm step by step. Copy the following table and complete it by adding the necessary number of columns ; round the values of U to the nearest whole number. Initialization Step 1 . . . Value of n 0 . . . . . . Value of U 27 500 . . . . . . b Give the value assigned to the variable n at the end of the execution of this algorithm. 5 We seek to explicitly calculate the general term u n as a function of n . To do this, we denote v n the sequence defined, for any natural number n , by v n = u n 3 900 . a Show that v n is a geometric sequence, specifying the ratio and the first term b Deduce that, for any natural number n : u n = 23 600 × 1.04 n + 3 900 . c Determine the limit of the sequence u n and give an interpretation in the context of the exercise. E.6980 The two parts are independent Part A : The Kyoto Agreement (1997) The main greenhouse gas (GES) is carbon dioxide, denoted CO 2 . In 2011 , France emitted 486 megatons of GHG equivalents CO 2 compared to 559 megatons in 1990 . 1 In the Kyoto Agreement, France committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 8 % between 1990 and 2012 . Can we say that in 2011 France was already meeting this commitment? Justify your answer. 2 Given that emissions in 2011 were down 5.6 % compared to 2010 , calculate the number of megatons of CO 2 equiv-alent emitted by France in 2010 . Round your answer to 0.1 . Part B: Study of greenhouse gas emissions in an in-dustrial zone A plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GES) has been implemented in an industrial zone. It is estimated that, for companies already established on the site, the measures in this plan will lead to a reduction in emissions of 2 % year-on-year and that, each year, new companies setting up on the site will generate 200 tons of GHG equivalent CO 2 . In 2005 , this industrial zone emitted a total of 41 thousand tons of CO 2 For the whole natural year n , we note u n the number of thou-sand tons of CO 2 emitted in this industrial zone during the year 2005+ n . 1 Determine u 0 and u 1 . 2 Show that, for any natural number n , we have : u n +1 = 0.98 × u n + 0.2 . 3 Consider the sequence v n defined, for any natural num-ber, by: v n = u n 10 a Show that the sequence v n is geometric with com-mon ratio 0.98 . Specify its first term. b Express v n in terms of n , for any natural number n . c Deduce that, for any natural number n : u n =31 × (0.98) n +10 . 4 a Calculate the limit of the sequence u n . b Interpret this result in the context of the exercise. 5 We want to use the algorithm below so that the value of variable n helps us determine the year from which the industrial zone will have reduced its emissions by at least half CO 2 , compared to the year 2005 a Copy and complete lines 3 and 4 of the algorithm. .1 U 41 .2 n 0 .3 As long as ... .4 u ... .5 n n+1 .6 End As long as b At the end of the algorithm, the variable n is assigned the value 54 . Interpret this result in the context of the exercise https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/6980 sacados/6980 Liban Juin 2017
E.6987 An individual owns a swimming pool and decides to install an automatic filling system to com-pensate for evaporation during the summer. On a specialized website, he learns that the climatic conditions in his region during this period are such that he can expect daily evapora-tion of 4 % of the water volume. He then decides to set his automatic filling system to add 2 m 3 of water per day. On the first day of operation of the automatic filling system, the pool contains 75 m 3 . For any natural integer n , we note u n as the volume of water in the pool, expressed in cubic meters ( m 3 ) , n days after the automatic filling system was put into operation. Thus, u 0 =75 . 1 Calculate u 1 and u 2 . 2 Justify that the sequence u n is not arithmetic. Is it geometric? 3 Justify that, for any natural number n : u n +1 =0.96 × u n +2 4 For any natural number n , we set : v n = u n 50 a Show that the sequence v n is a geometric sequence with common ratio 0.96 and first term v 0 b For any natural number n , express v n in terms of n . c Deduce that for any natural number n : u n = 25 × 0.96 n + 50 d Determine the limit of the sequence u n and interpret this result in the context of the exercise. 5 If the volume of water in the pool is less than 65 m 3 , the water level is insufficient to power the filtration pumps, which may damage them. To find out the number of days during which the water level remains sufficient without risk of failure while maintaining this setting, we construct the following algorithm: .1 n 0 .2 u 75 .3 As long as u... .4 u ... .5 n n+1 .6 End While At the end of its execution, the variable n should con-tain the number of days for which the water level will be sufficient. a Copy and complete lines .3 and .4 of this algorithm. b What is the value assigned to variable n at the end of the algorithm execution? c How many days will the water level be sufficient if this setting is maintained? E.6992 In 2015 , forests covered approxi-mately 4 000 million hectares of land. It is estimated that this area decreases by 0.4 % each year. This loss is partly offset by natural or voluntary reforestation, which is estimated at 7.2 million hectares per year. Consider the sequence u n defined by u 0 =4 000 and, for any natural number n : u n +1 = 0.996 × u n + 7.2 1 Justify that, for any natural integer n , u n provides an estimate of the global forest area, in millions of hectares, for the year 2015+ n . 2 Copy and complete the algorithm below so that, at the end of its execution, the variable N has the value of the first year for which the total forest area covers less than 3 500 million hectares on earth. N 2015 U 4 000 ... ... ... 3 Consider the sequence v n defined for all natural num-bers n by: v n = u n 1 800 a Prove that the sequence v n is geometric, then specify its first term and its ratio. b Deduce that for any natural number n , we have : u n = 2200 × 0.996 n + 1800 y c According to this model, if the phenomenon continues, will the Earth’s forest cover eventually disappear? Jus-tify your answer 4 A study shows that, to compensate for the number of trees destroyed over the last ten years, 140 billion trees would need to be planted in 10 years. In 2016 , it is estimated that the number of trees planted by the United Nations (ONU) is 7.3 billion. It is assumed that the number of trees planted by the UN increases by 10 % each year. Can the UN succeed in replanting 140 billion trees between 2016 and 2025 ? 3. Solving inequalities E.6984 Japanese knotweed is a very fast-growing and highly invasive plant. A gardener wants to remove this species from his land, which covers an area of 120 m 2 on January 1 er , 2017 . To do this, ev-ery spring he pulls up the plants, reducing the area of land in-vaded the previous year by 10 % . However, this plant species spreads very quickly, and new shoots appear every summer, invading a new plot of land with an area of 4 m 2 . 1 Determine the area of land invaded by this plant on 1 er January 2018 . We model the situation using a sequence u n where u n rep-resents the area of land m 2 invaded by Japanese knotweed on January 1 er of the year 2017+ n . The sequence u n is therefore defined by u 0 =120 and, for any natural number n , by: u n +1 = 0.9 · u n + 4 2 Le gardener wishes to know the year from which he will have at least halved the area of invaded land compared to 1 er January of year 2017 https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/6987 sacados/6987 Antilles Juin 2017 chapExoCorrec/6992 sacados/6992 chapExoCorrec/6984 sacados/6984
Copy and complete the lines .1 , .3 , .4 and .7 of the algorithm below so that, at the end of its execution, the variable u has the desired year as its value. It is not necessary to run the algorithm .1 u ... .2 n 0 .3 As long as ... .4 u ... .5 n n+1 .6 End as long as .7 n ... 3 We consider the sequence v n defined for any natural number n by: v n = u n 40 a Montrer that the sequence v n is a geometric sequence of reason q =0.9 and specify the first term. b Express v n as a function of n , for any natural number n . c Justify that u n =80 × 0.9 n +40 for any natural number n . 4 a Solve in the set of natural numbers the inequation : 80 × 0.9 n + 40 60 b En deduce the year from which the area invaded by the plant will be at least halved compared to 1 er January of year 2017 . 5 Will the gardener manage to completely remove the plant from his land? Justify your answer E.7208 In order to combat air pollution, as early as the year 2013 certain companies were obliged to reduce the quantity of pollutants they released into the air each year. These companies discharged 410 tonnes of these pollutants in 2013 and 332 tonnes in 2015 . The annual rate of decrease in the mass of pollutants released is assumed to be constant. 1 Justify that the year-on-year change can be considered to correspond to a decrease of 10 % . 2 Assuming that this rate of 10 % remains constant for the coming years, determine from which year onwards the quantity of pollutants discharged by these companies will no longer exceed the threshold of 180 tonnes set by the departmental council. E.7212 Part A Let u n be the sequence defined by u 0 =350 and, for any natural number n : u n +1 =0.5 · u n +100 1 Calculate u 1 and u 2 . 2 Consider the sequence w n defined for any natural num-ber n by: w n = u n 200 . a Show that the sequence w n is a geometric sequence, specifying the ratio and the first term. b Demonstrate that, for any natural number n : u n = 200 + 150 × 0.5 n . Part B A municipality offers children the opportunity to join a sports association. On September 1, 2015 , the number of children enrolled in this club is 500 , including 350 girls. Statistics from previous years lead us to the following model for the evolution of membership numbers in the coming years : Each year, half of the girls who enrolled the previous year do not renew their membership ; in addition, the club welcomes 100 new girls each year. From one year to the next, the number of boys enrolled in the club increases by 10 % . 1 We represent the change in the number of girls enrolled in this club by a sequence F n where F n denotes the number of girls who joined the association in the year 2015+ n . We therefore have : F 0 =350 . For any natural number n , express F n +1 as a function of F n . 2 We represent the change in the number of boys enrolled in this club by a sequence G n , where G n denotes the number of boys who were members of the association in the year 2015+ n . a For any natural number n , express G n in terms of n . b In which year will the club have more than 300 boys? 3 We want to know from which year onwards the number of boys in this association will exceed the number of girls. We propose the following algorithm: n 0 G 150 F 350 As long as G F n n+1 G 1.1 · G F 0.5 · F+100 End As long as a Copy and complete the following table as necessary. The results will be rounded to the nearest whole num-ber. Value of n 0 1 Value of G 150 Value of F 350 Condition G F b Deduce the value assigned to variable n at the end of the algorithm execution. 4. Sum of terms E.7536 During a game, Marc must answer the following question : On the first day, we offer you 100 e then each following day, we offer you 5 % more than the day before and a fixed sum of 20 e . After how many days will you have earned 10 000 e ? https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7208 sacados/7208 Antilles-Guyane Juin 2016 chapExoCorrec/7212 sacados/7212 chapExoCorrec/7536 sacados/7536
1 For any non-zero natural number n , note u n the to-tal amount in e paid to Mark on the n -th day. Thus, u 1 =100 . a Calculate u 2 . b Justify that, for any non-zero natural number n : u n +1 = 1.05 · u n + 20 2 For any non-zero natural number n , we pose v n = u n + 400 . a Calculate v 1 . b Demonstrate that the sequence v n is a geometric se-quence and specify its reason. c Express v n in terms of n , then deduce that : u n = 500 × 1.05 n 1 400 d Determine, as a function of n , the sum : v 1 + v 2 + ··· + v n . 3 What answer should Marc give? https://chingmath.fr