Outside the high school program / Sequels and variations 35 exercises (100% corrected)

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1. Study of variations E.7808 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n positive or zero by: u n = 8 · n 2 + 5 · n + 7 1 Establish that the term of rank n +1 of the sequence u n admits as expression : u n +1 = 8 · n 2 11 · n + 4 2 By studying the difference u n +1 u n of two consecutive terms of the sequence u n , show that the sequence u n is decreasing. E.7809 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n positive or zero by: u n = 7 · n 2 + 6 · n + 1 1 Establish that the term of rank n +1 of the sequence u n admits as expression : u n +1 = 7 · n 2 8 · n 2 By studying the difference u n +1 u n of two consecutive terms of the sequence u n , show that the sequence u n is decreasing. E.7812 Consider the sequence u n defined for any strictly positive integer n by: u n = 3 · n 1 n 1 2 By studying the difference of two consecutive terms, show that the sequence u n is strictly decreasing. E.7824 Consider the sequence u n defined for any strictly positive integer n by: u n = n 2 +1 n +1 By studying the difference of two consecutive terms, show that the sequence u n is strictly decreasing. E.7826 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n positive or zero ( n N ) by the relation: u n = 3 · n 2 2 · n + 4 1 Express the term u n +1 in terms of n . 2 By studying the difference u n +1 u n of two consecutive terms of the sequence u n , show that the sequence u n is increasing. E.7785 Consider the sequence u n defined for all natural numbers n by the relation: u n = n 2 1 n + 2 1 Determine the exact value of the first five terms of the sequence u n . Then, complete the table below with the values rounded to two decimal places : n 0 1 2 3 4 u n 2 For any natural number n , show that : u n +1 u n = n 2 + 5 · n + 3 n + 2 n + 3 3 Determine the direction of variation of the sequence u n on N . E.7778 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n positive or zero ( n N ) by the relation: u n = 400 × 0.8 n + 30 1 Establish, for any natural number n ( n N ) , we have the relation: u n +1 u n = 80 × 0.8 n 2 Deduce that the sequence u n is decreasing on N . E.7777 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n positive or zero ( n N ) by the relation: u n = 1.2 n + 30 1 Establish, for any natural number n ( n N ) , we have the relation: u n +1 u n = 0.2 × 1.2 n 2 Deduce that the sequence u n is increasing on N . E.7780 The Asian elephant species are endan-gered. The population in 2017 is estimated at 415 000 indi-viduals. The number of elephants is estimated to decrease by 3 % per year. We note u n the number of Asian elephants in the year 2017+ n . 1 Give the nature and characteristic elements of the se-quence u n . 2 a Give the explicit formula for the rank term n of the sequence u n . b Give the number of Asian elephants in 2020 , rounded to the nearest unit. 3 a Give the direction of variation of the sequence u n . Justify your answer. b Using the calculator, determine in which year the num-ber of Asian elephants will be less than 200 000 . E.7761 Consider the sequence u n defined for any natural number n ( n N ) by the relation: u n = 1 2 · n + 1 1 Give the value of the first four terms of the sequence u n . 2 a Establish the identity for any natural number n : u n +1 u n = 2 2 · n + 1 2 · n + 3 b Deduce that the sequence u n is decreasing on N . E.7760 Consider the sequence u n defined for all natural numbers n ( n N ) by the relation: u n = n + 3 n + 1 1 Give the value of the first four terms of the sequence u n . 2 a Establish the identity for any natural number n : u n +1 u n = 2 n + 1 n + 2 b Deduce that the sequence u n is decreasing on N . https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7808 sacados/7808 chapExoCorrec/7809 sacados/7809 chapExoCorrec/7812 sacados/7812 chapExoCorrec/7824 sacados/7824 chapExoCorrec/7826 sacados/7826 chapExoCorrec/7785 sacados/7785 chapExoCorrec/7778 sacados/7778 chapExoCorrec/7777 sacados/7777 chapExoCorrec/7780 sacados/7780 chapExoCorrec/7761 sacados/7761 chapExoCorrec/7760 sacados/7760
E.7756 Reminders: for all real numbers a and b and for all relative integers n and m , we have : a 0 = 1 a 1 = a a n × a m = a n + m a n a m = a n m ( a =0 ) a n m = a n × m a n × b n = a × b n a n b n = a b n ( b =0 ) In this exercise, we will highlight the monotonicity of the se-quences using the quotient method. 1 The sequence u n n N is defined by: u n = 1 2 n for all n N Show that u n is strictly decreasing. 2 Consider the sequence v n n N defined by: v n = 3 n 4 for all n N . Show that v n is strictly increasing. E.7762 Let v n n N be the sequence defined by the following recurrence relation: v n +1 = v n v n 2 1 for all n N and the initial condition v 0 =2 . 1 Using a calculator, complete the table below : n 0 1 2 3 4 u n 2 By studying the difference between two consecutive terms, show that the sequence v n is decreasing. E.7757 Study the sense of variation of each of the following sequences : 1 The sequence u n is defined by the explicit formula : u n = 3 2 n for all n N 2 The sequence v n is defined by the explicit formula : v n = 3 2 n for all n N E.4585 Consider the sequence u n n N whose term of rank n is given by the formula : u n = n 2 7 n + 1 1 Using a calculator, complete the table below : n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 u n 2 After giving the table of variations of the function f whose image of x is defined by: f ( x ) = x 2 7 x + 1 Establish that the sequence u n is increasing from rank 4 onwards. E.4586 In this exercise, we will use the difference method to prove the monotonicity of the sequences : 1 Soit u n n N the sequence whose rank term n is defined by: u n = 32 n + 102 Show that this sequence is decreasing. 2 Let v n n N be the sequence whose term of rank n is defined by: v n = 2 n 1 Show that this sequence is increasing. 3 Let w n n N be the sequence whose rank term n is de-fined by: w n = 2 n 25 n Show that the sequence w n is increasing. E.7758 Consider the arithmetic sequence u n of first term 5 and reason 2 . 1 Give the first four terms of the sequence u n . 2 Express the value of the term u n as a function of its rank n . 3 Show that the sequence u n is increasing. E.7759 Consider the geometric sequence v n of first term 24 and reason 1 2 . 1 Give the first four terms of the sequence v n . 2 Express the value of the term v n as a function of its rank n . 3 Show that the sequence v n is decreasing. E.7779 A company decides to go public. When it goes public, the price of one share is 50 e . It hopes that its share price will increase by 5 % per year. Let u 0 be the share price when it goes public and u n , for any strictly positive integer n , the share price after n years. 1 Give the nature and characteristic elements of the se-quence u n . 2 a Give the explicit formula for the rank term n of the sequence u n . b Give the share price after 10 years 3 a Give the direction of variation of the sequence u n . Justify your answer. b Using the calculator, determine after how many years the share price will exceed 100 e . https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7756 sacados/7756 chapExoCorrec/7762 sacados/7762 chapExoCorrec/7757 sacados/7757 chapExoCorrec/4585 sacados/4585 chapExoCorrec/4586 sacados/4586 chapExoCorrec/7758 sacados/7758 chapExoCorrec/7759 sacados/7759 chapExoCorrec/7779 sacados/7779
23456I234JOCf E.7763 1 Consider the sequence u n defined for any integer n pos-itive or zero ( n N ) by the relation: u n = 3 · n + 5 a Establish that the term of rank n +1 admits as expres-sion : u n +1 = 3 · n + 8 b By studying the sign of u n +1 u n , show that the se-quence u n is increasing. 2 Consider the sequence v n defined for any integer n pos-itive or zero ( n N ) by the relation: v n = 2 · n 2 + n + 2 a Establish that the term of rank n +1 admits for expres-sion : v n +1 = 2 · n 2 3 · n + 1 b Establish that the consecutive difference of two terms of the sequence v n has the expression : v n +1 v n = 4 · n 1 c Deduce that the sequence v n is a decreasing sequence on N . E.4619 Consider the function f defined on R + by the relation: f ( x ) = 6 x 2 2 x + 1 In the coordinate system O ; I ; J orthonormal coordinate system, we consider the curve C f representing the function f : The line Δ is the first bisector of the plane ; its Cartesian equation is y = x . 1 a Establish the equality: f ( x ) x = 2 x 2 + 5 x 2 2 x + 1 b Determine the sign table for the expression f ( x ) x over the interval 0 ; + . c Deduce the relative positions of the curves C f and Δ on 0 ; + . 2 Consider the sequence u n définie by: u 0 = 6 ; u n +1 = f u n a Represent, on the abscissa axis of the reference frame, the first six terms of the sequence u n (the construc-tion lines will be left visible) . b Determine the value of the first three terms of the se-quence u n c All terms in the sequence are assumed to be greater than or equal to 2 . Deduce that the sequence u n is decreasing. E.4607 For each question, determine, by study-ing the difference u n +1 u n , the direction of variation of the sequence u n defined by: a u n = 3 n 2 + n + 1 b u n = 2 n + 3 n 1 c u n +1 = u n + 2 n + 1 ; u 0 = 2 d u n +1 = u n n + 5 ; u 0 = 2 E.4606 For each question, use the calculator to make a conjecture about the direction of variation of the sequence u n on N defined by: a u n = n 3 2 n 2 3 n b u n = 5 n n + 2 c u n = 3 1 + ( 1) n + 4 d u n = 2 n 2 + 1 2 n + 5 E.4605 For each of the following questions, de-termine the direction of variation of the sequence u n n N : a u n = 1 2 n 1 4 b u n = 3 2 n c u n = 2 n 2 3 n + 2 d u n = 3 n 2 7 n + 4 2. Sequels and threshold search E.7204 A shopkeeper who has just opened a bou-tique notices that his sales start at 25 000 euros per month and increase every month by 2 % . He decides to model his sales progression as u n where u 0 represents sales when the store opens. 1 Give the nature and characteristics of the sequence u n . 2 a Using the calculator, determine after how many months his sales will exceed 30 000 euros. b Complete the algorithm so that, at the end of its exe-cution, the variable n has the value of the number of months to wait before its sales exceed 30 000 euros. .1 n 0 . 2 u 25 000 .3 As long as . .. make .4 n ... .5 u ... .6 End As long as https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7763 sacados/7763 chapExoCorrec/4619 sacados/4619 23456I234JOCf chapExoCorrec/4607 sacados/4607 chapExoCorrec/4606 sacados/4606 chapExoCorrec/4605 sacados/4605 chapExoCorrec/7204 sacados/7204
E.7209 In order to combat air pollution, as early as the year 2013 certain companies were obliged to reduce the quantity of polluting products they released into the air each year. These companies discharged 410 tonnes of these pollutants in 2013 and 332 tonnes in 2015 . The annual rate of decrease in the mass of pollutants released is assumed to be constant. 1 Justify that the year-on-year change can be considered to correspond to a decrease of 10 % . 2 This rate of 10 % is assumed to remain constant for the coming years. a Using the calculator, determine from which year on-wards the quantity of pollutants discharged by these companies will no longer exceed the threshold of 180 tonnes set by the departmental council. b Complete the algorithm below so that the variable n has, at the end of its execution, the value of the year in which the quantity of pollutants discharged will not exceed 180 tonnes. n 0 u 410 As long as ... n n+1 u u × 0.9 End As long as n n+... E.7600 Consider the geometric sequence u n with first term 1 and common ratio 2 . Consider the code : Function f(n) u 1 For i ranging from 1 to n u 2 × u End For Return u The function call f(n) returns the value of the term of the sequence u n of rank n to the program. Complete the table of values below : n 0 1 2 10 20 u n E.7569 A website offers its subscribers movies to download. When it opens, 500 films are offered and each month the num-ber of films offered to subscribers increases by 6 % . We model the number of films offered by a sequence u n where n denotes the number of months since the site opened. 1 Calculate u 0 , u 1 and u 2 and give the result rounded to the nearest unit. 2 Give the nature and characteristic elements of the se-quence u n . Express u n as a function of n . 3 Determine the value of the rank term 6 rounded to unity. 4 Using the calculator, determine after how many months the number of films offered exceeds 800 films offered. E.7570 A small town has a municipal bicycle rental service. The municipality would like information on the number of bicycles in circulation and the cost involved. The manager of the bike rental service notes that between un-usable bikes, because lost, stolen or damaged, and new bikes acquired, the number of usable bikes increases by 5 % every year. On 1 er January 2017 , the fleet contains 200 usable bikes. We model the evolution of the number of usable bikes by a sequence u n in which, for any natural integer n , u n is the number of bicycles on 1 er January of the year 2017+ n . Thus, u 0 =200 and, for any natural number n : u n +1 = 1.05 × u n . 1 a Justify the coefficient 1.05 in the expression of u n +1 as a function of u n . b How many bicycles will there be in this park at 1 er January 2018 ? 2 The municipality has decided to stop buying new bikes as soon as its stock exceeds 500 units. In which year will the municipal service’s stock exceed 500 bikes for the first time? E.7599 Consider the geometric sequence u n , with common ratio 0.9 and first term u 0 =50 . 1 a Copy and complete the algorithm so that, at the end of its execution, the variable U has the value 25 e , which is the term of this sequence, i.e., u 24 : U ... For N ranging from 1 to 24 U ... End For b For any natural number n , express u n in terms of n . c Calculate u 24 , then give its value rounded to the near-est 10 3 . 2 Determine the smallest natural number n such that : u n < 0.01 . E.7595 A store offers a loyalty card to enjoy benefits when making purchases. In the first year, the loyalty card was offered to 200 customers. We observe that the number of customers with the loyalty card increases by 6 % per year. We model the number of loyalty card holders by a sequence u n where n denotes the number of years since the store opened. 1 Calculate u 0 , u 1 and u 2 and give the result rounded to unity. 2 Give the nature of the sequence and its characteristic elements. Express u n as a function of n . 3 Determine the value of the rank term 6 , rounded to the nearest unit. 4 Using the calculator, determine after how many years the number of loyalty card holders exceeds 400 people. https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/7209 sacados/7209 chapExoCorrec/7600 sacados/7600 chapExoCorrec/7569 sacados/7569 chapExoCorrec/7570 sacados/7570 chapExoCorrec/7599 sacados/7599 chapExoCorrec/7595 sacados/7595
3. Auxiliary sequences: variations E.6017 Consider the sequence u n defined by: u 0 = 7 ; u n +1 = 1 3 · u n + 4 for any integer n N 1 Consider the sequence v n defined by the following re-lation for any natural number n : v n = u n 6 a Establish the equality below for any natural number n : v n +1 = 1 3 · v n b Give the first term of the sequence v n . c Give the direction of variation of the sequence v n . 2 Deduce the direction of variation of the sequence u n . E.6042 Consider the sequence u n defined on N by the relation: u 0 = 1 ; u n +1 = 1 2 · u n 3 for all n N 1 Define the sequence v n on N by the relation: v n = 2 · u n + 12 a Prove the relation: v n +1 = 1 2 · v n for all n N . b Give the expression of the terms of the sequence v n in terms of n . Justify your approach. 2 a Justify that for any natural number n , we have : u n = 14 · 1 2 n +1 6 b Deduce the direction of variation of the sequence u n E.6063 Let u n be the numerical sequence defined on N by: u 0 = 3 ; u n +1 = 2 · u n n + 1 for n N . 1 Calculate u 1 , u 2 and u 3 . 2 We denote by v n the sequence defined on N by: v n = u n n a Justify that for any natural number n , we have the re-lationship : v n +1 = 2 · v n . b Determine the nature and characteristic elements of the sequence v n . 3 a Justify that for any natural number n , we have : u n = 3 × 2 n + n . b Deduce the direction of variation of the sequence u n . 4. Unclassified financial years E.5817 Consider the sequence u n de-fined by its first term u 1 = 3 2 and the recurrence relation: u n +1 = n · u n + 1 2( n + 1) pour tout n N We define an auxiliary sequence v n by: v n = n · u n 1 for any integer n 1 1 Show that the sequence v n is geometric; specify its reason and first term. 2 Deduce that, for any natural number n 1 , we have : u n = 1 + (0.5) n n 3 Determine the limit of the sequence u n . 4 Justify that, for any integer n 1 , we have : u n +1 u n = 1 + (1 + 0.5 n ) · (0 ; 5) n n · ( n + 1) Deduce the direction of variation of the sequence u n . https://chingmath.fr chapExoCorrec/6017 sacados/6017 chapExoCorrec/6042 sacados/6042 chapExoCorrec/6063 sacados/6063 chapExoCorrec/5817 sacados/5817